Brief of Ultrasonic Sensor

             Ultrasonic wave is a wave that is commonly used for radar to detect the presence of an object by estimating the distance between the sensor and the object. In this ebook, we will study it with one HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor because this sensor is also relatively affordable for learning. The physical form of the sensor looks like the image below

HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor

               Ultrasonic sensor is a sensor that works to change the physical quantities (sound) into electrical quantities and vice versa. The workings of this sensor is based on the principle of reflection of a sound wave that can be used to interpret the existence (distance) of an object with a certain frequency. Known as ultrasonic sensors because these sensors using ultrasonic waves (ultrasonic sound).

             Ultrasonic waves are sound waves having a frequency is as high as 20,000 Hz. The ultrasonic sound can not be heard by the human ear. The ultrasonic sound can be heard by dogs, cats, bats and dolphins. The ultrasonic sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases. Ultrasonic sound reflectivity on the surface of the solid substance similar to the ultrasonic sound reflectivity on the surface of the liquid. However, the ultrasonic sound waves will be absorbed by the textile and foam.

Here are some applications of ultrasonic waves:

• In the health field, ultrasonic waves can be used to view internal organs in the human body such as for detecting tumors, liver, brain and destroy kidney stones. Ultrasonic waves are also used in ultrasound (ultrasound) which is used by obstetricians.
  
•  In industry, the ultrasonic waves are used to detect cracks in metal, flatten mixture of iron and tin, leveling the milk mixture to be homogeneous, sterilize food preserved in cans, and cleaning very fine objects. Ultrasonic waves can also be used to detect the presence of mineral and petroleum stored in the bowels of the earth.
  
• In the defense field, ultrasonic waves are used as radar or navigation, on land or in the water. The ultrasonic waves used by the destroyer to know the whereabouts of the submarine, fitted on the submarine to know the whereabouts of the ship that is above the water surface, measure the depth of trenches, mine detection, and determine puosisi a bunch of fish.

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